Purpose
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This Mathieu Functions Toolbox is used to solve Mathieu function numerically
[1].
The Mathieu equation is a second-order homogeneous linear differential equation
and appears in several different situations in Physics: electromagnetic or
elastic wave equations with elliptical boundary conditions as in waveguides or
resonators, the motion of particles in alternated-gradient focussing or
electromagnetic traps, the inverted pendulum, parametric oscillators, the motion
of a quantum particle in a periodic potential, the eigenfunctions of the quantum
pendulum, are just few examples. Their solutions, known as Mathieu functions,
were first discussed by Mathieu in 1868 in the context of the free oscillations
of an elliptic membrane.
We present both the Floquet solution and solution in angular and radial
(modified) functions [2-4].
The toolbox has 13 demos.
All demos can be acessed from "?->Scilab Demonstrations"
Dependencies
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This module depends on the assert module.
Authors
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R.Coisson & G. Vernizzi, Parma University, 2001-2002.
X. K. Yang
N. O. Strelkov, NRU MPEI
Michael Baudin - DIGITEO - 2011
Features
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> Coordinate transformation
Almost all tasks, involving Mathieu functions have elliptical geometry. For
coordinate transformation we have functions:
* mathieu_cart2ell convert coordinates from Cartesian to elliptical
* mathieu_ell2cart convert coordinates from elliptical to Cartesian
* mathieu_cart2pol convert coordinates from Cartesian to polar
* mathieu_pol2cart convert coordinates from polar to Cartesian
* mathieu_ell_in_pol calculate polar coordinates of a point at known angle on
ellipse
:demo: For better understanding of elliptical coordinates you can use the
demo named "Elliptic and Cartesian coordinates".
> Floquet solution
For Floquet solution we have the following functions:
* mathieu_mathieuf evaluate characteristic values and expansion coefficients
* mathieu_mathieu evaluate periodic Mathieu functions by calling
mathieu_mathieuf
* mathieu_mathieuexp calculate the characteristic exponent of non-periodic
solutions and the coefficients of the expansion of the periodic factor
* mathieu_mathieuS calculate solutions of ME with arbitrary a and q
parameters (uses mathieu_mathieuexp)
* mathieu_elliptical calculte 3D plot of a mode with elliptical boundary
conditions
For Floquet solutions we have demos:
:demo: Plots of ce_m(z,q), se_m(z,q) of order 0-5 for q = 1,10 for comparison
with Abramowitz and Stegun (Figs. 20.2-20.5, [3, pp. 725-726]).
:demo: Tables of ce_m(z,q) and ce_m'(z,q) for comparison with Abramowitz and
Stegun (Table 20.1 [3, p. 748]).
:demo: Tables of se_m(z,q) and se_m'(z,q) for comparison with Abramowitz and
Stegun (Table 20.1 [3, p. 749]).
:demo: Plots of ce_m(z,q), se_m(z,q) of order 0-3 for q = 0-30 and z = [0,
π] (Fig. 2, [5, p. 235]).
:demo: Comparison of 2 modes of elliptic membare with q = 0 and q = 8, even
(see [1]).
:demo: Comparison of 4 modes with q = 0 and q = 8, even & odd (see [1]).
:demo: 3D plot of a mode with elliptical boundary conditions (see [1]).
> Solution in angular and radial (modified) functions
We present solutions of Mathieu equation as angular Mathieu functions [2,3]:
ce_m(z,q) and se_m(z,q) [2]
and solutions of modified Mathieu equation (2) as radial Mathieu functions [2,
3]:
Mc_m(1)(z,q), Ce_m(z,q), Mc_m(2)(z,q), Gey_m(z,q) and Ms_m(1)(z,q), Se_m(z,q),
Ms_m(2)(z,q), Fey_m(z,q).
Before calculating any Mathieu function we calculate expansion coefficients
and eigenvalues for given order m and parameter q using tri-diagonal matrixes
[5-8].
We have the following functions for computation solutions of Mathieu
equations:
* mathieu_Arm compute expansion coefficients 'Arm' and eigenvalue 'am' for
even angular and radial Mathieu functions
* mathieu_Brm compute expansion coefficients 'Brm' and eigenvalue 'bm' for
odd angular and radial Mathieu functions
* mathieu_ang_ce compute even angular Mathieu function 'ce' or its first
derivative
* mathieu_ang_se compute odd angular Mathieu function 'se' or its first
derivative
* mathieu_rad_mc compute even radial (modified) Mathieu function 'Mc' or its
first derivative (kinds 1 and 2)
* mathieu_rad_ms compute odd radial (modified) Mathieu function 'Ms' or its
first derivative (kinds 1 and 2)
* mathieu_rad_ce compute even radial (modified) Mathieu function of the first
kind 'Ce' or its first derivative
* mathieu_rad_se compute odd radial (modified) Mathieu function of the first
kind 'Se' or its first derivative
* mathieu_rad_fey compute even radial (modified) Mathieu function of the
second kind 'Fey' or its first derivative
* mathieu_rad_gey compute odd radial (modified) Mathieu function of the
second kind 'Gey' or its first derivative
During unit-testing all functions were tested against known tables: eigenvalues,
expansion coefficients and angular functions and its first derivatives were
compared with [3, 9], radial functions and their first derivatives were compared
with [9-12].
:demo: For eigenvalues we have demo, named "Stability chart for
eigenvalues of Mathieu`s equations" (for comparison with
http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.17 [4]).
For modified solutions we have demos:
:demo: Plots of Mc_m(1)(z,q), Ms_m(1)(z,q) of order 0-2 for q = 0-3 and z =
[0, π]
:demo: Plots of Mc_m(2)(z,q), Ms_m(2)(z,q) of order 0-2 for q = 0-3 and z =
[0, π]
:demo: Plots of Ce_m(z,q), Se_m(z,q) of order 0-2 for q = 0-3 and z = [0,
π]
:demo: Plots of Fey_m(z,q), Gey_m(z,q) of order 0-2 for q = 0-3 and z = [0,
π]
All functions have examples with plots, some of them for comparison with [3,
4].
Bibliography
------------
1. R. Coïsson, G. Vernizzi and X.K. Yang, "Mathieu functions and numerical
solutions of the Mathieu equation", IEEE Proceedings of OSSC2009 (online at
http://www.fis.unipr.it/~coisson/Mathieu.pdf).
2. N.W. McLachlan, Theory and Application of Mathieu Functions, Oxford Univ.
Press, 1947.
3. M. Abramowitz and I.A. Stegun, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, Dover, New
York, 1965.
4. Chapter 28 Mathieu Functions and Hill's Equation. Digital Library of
Mathematical Functions. NIST. (online at
http://dlmf.nist.gov/28).
5. J. C. Gutiérrez-Vega, R. M. Rodríguez-Dagnino, M. A. Meneses-Nava, and S.
Chávez-Cerda, "Mathieu functions, a visual approach", American
Journal of Physics, 71 (233), 233-242. An introduction to applications (online
at
http://www.df.uba.ar/users/sgil/physics_paper_doc/papers_phys/modern/matheiu0.pdf).
6. J. J. Stamnes and B. Spjelkavik. New method for computing eigenfunctions
(Mathieu functions) for scattering by elliptical cylinders. Pure Appl. Opt. 4
251-62, 1995.
7. L. Chaos-Cador, E. Ley-Koo. Mathieu functions revisited: matrix evaluation
and generating functions. Revista Mexicana de Fisica, Vol. 48, p.67-75, 2002.
8. Julio C. Gutiérrez-Vega, "Formal analysis of the propagation of
invariant optical fields in elliptic coordinates", Ph. D. Thesis, INAOE,
México, 2000. (online at
http://homepages.mty.itesm.mx/jgutierr/).
9. S. Zhang and J. Jin. Computation of Special Functions. New York, Wiley,
1996.
10. G. Blanch and D. S. Clemm. Tables relating to the radial Mathieu functions.
Volume 1. Functions of the First Kind. ARL, US Air Force. 1963. (online at
http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000585710).
11. G. Blanch and D. S. Clemm. Tables relating to the radial Mathieu functions.
Volume 2. Functions of the Second Kind. ARL, US Air Force. 1963. (online at
http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000585710).
12. E. T. Kirkpatrick. Tables of Values of the Modified Mathieu Functions.
Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 14, No. 70 (Apr., 1960), pp. 118-129. (online
at
http://www.ams.org/journals/mcom/1960-14-070/S0025-5718-1960-0113288-4/S0025-5718-1960-0113288-4.pdf).
Licence
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This toolbox is distributed under the Gnu General Public License, Version 2.
